Study Sheet for Test Three
Chapter 8: The Presidency
Section 1: President and Vice President
President's Term and Salary
The 22nd Amendment
Salary and Benefits
Presidential Qualifications
Constitutional Requirements
Government Experience
Importance of Money
Political Beliefs
Personal Characteristics
Personal Growth
Presidential Succession
Order of Succession
25th Amendment
Presidential Disability
The Vice President's Role
Standby Work
Increased Responsibilities
Section 2: Electing the President
The Original System
The Impact of Political Parties
The System Today
Electoral College Issues
Election by the House
Ideas for Reform
How the President Takes Office
Section 3: The Cabinet
The Selection of the Cabinet
Major Factors in Making Appointments
Background of Cabinet Members
Nomination and Confirmation
The Role of the Cabinet
Cabinet in History
The Modern Cabinet
Influence of Cabinet Members
Limiting the Cabinet's Role
Conflicting Loyalties
Internal Disputes
Secrecy and Trust
Section 4: The Executive Office
Executive Office Agencies
Organization and Growth
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
The National Security Council (NSC)
The National Economic Council (NEC)
Other EOP Agencies
The White House Office
Organization and Growth
Duties of the White House Staff
Chapter 9: Presidential Leadership
Section 1: Presidential Powers
Constitutional Powers
Need for a Strong Executive
Presidential Powers in Article II
Informal Sources of Power
Ideas and Actions of Past Presidents
Congress As a Source of Presidential Power
Use of the Mass Media
Limits on Presidential Power
Congressional Limitations
Limitation by the Federal Courts
Limitation by the Bureaucracy
Public Opinion
Section 2: Roles of the President
Head of State
Chief Executive
Tools of Influence
Executive Orders
Impoundment
Reprieves and Pardons
Amnesty
Chief Legislator
Line Item Veto
Economic Planner
Party Leader
Chief Diplomat
Treaties
Executive Agreements
Recognition
Commander in Chief
Power to Make War
Military Strategy
Section 3: You Only Need to Know...
The Use of Executive Privilege
Limits
United States v. Nixon
Chapter 10: The Federal Bureaucracy
Section 1: A Large and Complex Bureaucracy
Discretionary v. Non-discretionary functions
The Cabinet Departments
Independent Agencies
Assisting the Executive Branch
Government Corporations
Regulatory Commissions
Purpose
Problems
Deregulation
**KNOW ALL FIFTEEN CABINET DEPARTMENTS**
Section 2: The Civil Service System
Origins
The Spoils System
Calls for Reform
The Pendleton Act
The Civil Service System Today
Getting a Job
Benefits and Problems
The Hatch Act
Political Appointees in Government
People at the Top
Short Tenure
Section 3: The Bureaucracy and Public-Policy Decisions
Influencing Policy
Making Rules
Involvement in Lawmaking
Settling Disputes
Providing Advice
Why Bureaucracy Makes Policy
National Growth and Technology
International Crises
Economic Problems
Citizen Demands
The Nature of Bureaucracy
Section 4: Influences on Bureaucratic Decision Making
The Influence of Congress
New Legislation
The Power of the Budget
The Influence of the Courts
Challenging Procedures
Success in Court Cases
The Influence of Client Groups
Iron Triangles
Agency Influence
Chapter 11: The Federal Court System
Section 1: Authority of the Federal Courts
Jurisdiction of the Courts
Federal Court Jurisdiction
Various Ways to Get Into the Federal System
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Original and Appellate Jurisdiction
Developing Supreme Court Power
Early Precedents
John Marshall's Influence
States' Rights Era
Due Process
Importance of the Due Process Clause
Section 2: Lower Federal Courts
Constitutional Courts
Federal District Courts
Grand Jury
Indictment
Petit Jury
Officers of the Court
Federal Courts of Appeals
Circuit Courts
The Court of International Trade
Legislative Courts
What are they? How do they differ from Constitutional Courts?
Selection of Federal Judges
Party Affiliation
Judicial Philosophy
Senatorial Courtesy
The Background of Federal Judges
Section 3: The Supreme Court
Supreme Court Jurisdiction
*KNOW ALL NINE CURRENT JUSTICES AND THE PRESIDENTS THAT APPOINTED THEM!*
Supreme Court Justices
Duties of the Justices
Law Clerks
Background of the Justices
Appointing Justices
The Role of the ABA
The Role of Other Interest Groups
The Role of the Justices
Chapter 12: Supreme Court Decision Making
Section 1: The Supreme Court at Work
Tools for Shaping Policy
Judicial Review
Interpretations of Laws
Overturning Earlier Decisions
stare decisis
precedent
Limits on the Supreme Court
Limits on Types of Issues
Limits on Types of Cases
Limited Control Over Agenda
Lack of Enforcement Power
Checks and Balances
Section 2: Supreme Court Decisions and Public Policy
How Cases Reach the Court
On Appeal
Writ of Certiorari
Selecting Cases
per curiam opinion
Steps in Deciding Major Cases
Submitting Briefs
amicus curiae briefs
Oral Arguments
The Conference
Writing the Opinion
Unanimous Opinion
Majority Opinion
Concurring Opinion
Dissenting Opinion
Section 3: Factors Influencing the Court's Decisions
Basing Decisions on the Law
Views of the Justices
Voting Blocks
Relations Among the Justices
Harmony or Conflict
Influence of the Chief Justice
The Court and Society
Concern for Public Support
Influence of Social Forces
Balancing the Court's Power
The President's Influence
The Influence of Congress
ALSO: Know all articles assigned since the last test.